Data  Science Interview Questions for Microsoft

What is data science ?

Data science uses statistical, mathematical, and computational methods to analyze data, extract insights, and aid decision-making. By: Yogesh 09/11/2024

What is feature scaling, and why is it important?

[{"selector":"#anim-58c495e6-7a27-4a57-80be-e317ca112901","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-fe1be5ff-f84c-412e-b59d-e6809608b299","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -840.3418%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b883541e-57b4-4aab-9136-0260fb72c7ee","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-98c0193e-a033-490a-b724-c596cc95dfad","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -772.88377%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6dae81f1-d754-4e4d-ba9b-d926bee81023 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(12.502682559704814%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] Feature scaling normalizes or standardizes data, crucial because many algorithms perform better when features are on a similar scale.

What are the different types of data visualizations?

[{"selector":"#anim-3dd5e0f0-9189-4d6c-8c45-b37cac4f68c0 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-21.874999829338588%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a92020a9-1f0b-4dc5-bbb9-b4998e0bd2d2","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9fb137a4-f513-4ed2-a21b-4cd95f84b531","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-120.76125%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-bf912538-51d5-4e42-b60b-1b9d035c4711","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-5b1f2772-b545-47d9-adf2-d1bd645a4627","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-120.76125%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Common types include bar charts, line graphs, histograms, scatter plots, pie charts, heat maps, and box plots. Each effectively conveys different insights.

What is the role of a data analyst?

[{"selector":"#anim-68f7dde7-8eee-4928-bdb5-36df1a806776","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(1)","scale(1.5)","scale(0.95)","scale(1)"],"offset":[0,0.33,0.66,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1450,"easing":"ease-in-out","fill":"both","iterations":1}] [{"selector":"#anim-b8db3da7-8ce0-4684-975b-daf0a2100685","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-436ecb3f-4c7d-4cfa-afcf-9c2d885b98fd","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-120.42254%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e8ead2cf-28f3-4056-9f81-0c8f23620c98","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6a8ba274-48d6-41dd-8567-e24d6bcc9b0f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-119.4079%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] A data analyst collects, processes, and analyzes data to provide insights that guide business decisions, using statistical and visualization tools

What is time series analysis?

[{"selector":"#anim-3ad23d6b-d671-4cea-8369-b89779d714f7 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-10.624999761074031%, 0, 0) translate(-25%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-29d0f89c-d818-4049-804c-4952f0d5c5fd","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1a760518-3228-4adb-a9d2-57281983e9dc","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 488.51201%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-59b7e784-52af-4e8c-aca7-7ba7b30c3789","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b87e5b5d-c5e9-4eca-a504-17b854b24302","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 232.15124%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Time series analysis studies data points collected over time, used to identify trends, patterns, or seasonal effects. Learn more